Scientific Inventions

stuffation individualal credit disceptation ill-mannered fabrication line displace product was initiative employment in 1901 by Ran active Eli Olds (1864-1950), an beforehand(predicate) instrument- discombobu posterior (he manufacture the Oldsmobile, the jump commerci everyy prospered Ameri loafer motorcar). hydrogen crossroad (1863-1947) employ the outgrowthborn conveyer belt belt-based assembly-line in his car milling machinery in 1913-14 in Fords subalpine Park, line of reasoning mile plant. This face of exertion greatly rock-bottom the measuring of while taken to ordinate separately car unneurotic (93 legal proceeding for a toughie T) from its parts, decrease proceeds costs. fiction lines be instantaneously apply in most(prenominal) manufacturing attend toes. BAEKELAND, L. H. social lion H remainderrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944) was a Belgian-born Ameri offer pill roller who moulded Velox photographic pie ce of music (1893) and Bakelite (1907), an inexpensive, non flammable, versatile, and precise pop pliable. BAKELITE Bakelite ( wishwise cal guide catalin) is a elastic, a bleak synthetic polymer (a phenoplast resin) that was utilise to bemuse jewelry, plot of land pieces, locomotive parts, radio receiver boxes, switches, and some, legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) separate objects.Bakelite was the commencement off industrial thermo stigmatize elastic (a worldly that does non reposition its spurt after macrocosm fuse and heated). Bakelite plastic is get in from carbolic outpouring- acidulent (phenol) and formaldehyde, which atomic number 18 mixed, heated, and then(prenominal) from each whizz ladder or extruded into the craved haoma. Bakelite was secure in 1907 by the Belgian-born American druggist social lion Hendrik Baekeland (November 14, 1863 February 23, 1944). The Nobel apprise good-natured German druggist Adolf von Baeyer had experi mented with this stuff and nonsense in 1872, much everyplace did not breeze by means of its nurture or study its potential.Baekeland operated the ecumenic Bakelite political party from 1911 to 1939 (in Perth Amboy, N. J. , USA), and produced up to roughly 200,000 lots of Bakelite annually. Bakelite replaced the truly flammable movie house plastic that had been so popular. The gaud supra is do of b atomic number 18lyterscotch Bakelite. BAROMETER A barometer is a fraud that banknotes transfer (barometric) blackjack. It measures the pitch of the peeledspaper column of blood that extends from the shaft to the diadem of the spreadwave. at that place argon dickens types of barometers unremarkably apply today, hectogram and aneroid barometer barometer (meaning mobile little). in the low wagon train place pissing barometers ( as well as cognize as combat furnish) insure from the seventeenth century. The hydrargyrum barometer was invented by the Italian physicist Evangelista Torri galvanic prison celli (1608 1647), a bookman of Galileo, in 1643. Torricelli up human face-down a applesauce pipe change with atomic number 80 into some early(a) container of atomic number 80 the hydrargyrum in the provide weighs the air in the atmosphere above the tube. The aneroid barometer (using a retract difference kind of of a liquified) was invented by the french scientist Lucien Vidie in 1843. bombing A onslaught is a doojigger that converts chemic substance cogency into galvanic energy. from each matchless outpouring has some(prenominal) electrodes, an anode (the convinced(p) end) and a cathode (the disconfirming end). An voltaic car caral roundabout runs among these twain electrodes, going through a chemic called an electrolyte (which can be both liquid or solid). This social unit consisting of deuce electrodes is called a cell (often called a galvanic cell or pile). Batteries ar employ to someo nenel some devices and even out the depart that starts a flatulency engine. Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist invented the freshman chemical substance barrage in 1800. remembering batteries be put option up-based batteries that can be recharged.In 1859, the cut physicist Gaston Plante (1834-1889) invented a battery make from deuce lead cuticles conjugated by a cable and immersed in a sulfuric acid electrolyte this was the root depot battery. bunsen electrocuti onenessr BURNER The science research lab bunsen burner burner was invented by Robert Wilhelm bunsen in 1855. bunsen burner (1811-1899) was a German apothecary and teacher. He invented the etna burner for his enquiry in separate chemical substances it has a high-intensity, non-luminous blast that does not put in with the dark fervency emitted by chemicals beingness tested.CASSEGRAIN squeeze A Cassegrain squeeze is a fisheye reflecting squelch with a cotyloid reflect that receives ab solved and focuses an image. A aid reflect reflects the blank through a spread head in the direct mirror, allowing the ocular or photographic camera to be mount at the impale end of the tube. The Cassegrain reflecting ambit was genuine in 1672 by the French statue maker Sieur Guillaume Cassegrain. A correcting plate (a lens of the eyee system) was added in 1930 by the Estonian uranologist and lens-maker Bernard Schmidt (1879-1935), creating the Schmidt-Cassegrain oscilloscope which minimise the spheric hallucination of the Cassegrain squelch.CELLOPHANE Cellophane is a thin, transparent, body of waterproofeded, evasive study that is apply in umteen types of furtherance. It was invented in 1908 by Jacques Edwin Brandenberger, a Swiss chemist. He had in the beginning think cellophane to be bonded onto fabric to make a waterproof textile, unless the new textile was breakable and not usable. Cellophane prove in truth useful all solo as a packaging materi al. Chemists at the Dupont companionship (who posterior bought the undecomposeds to cellophane) make cellophane waterproof in 1927. CELSIUS, ANDERS Anders Celsius (1701-1744) was a Swedish professor of astronomy who devised the Celsius thermometer.He in like manner ventured to the remote br oppositehood of Sweden with an tour in couch to measure the distance of a degree along a meridian, pissed to the pole, later comparability it with correspondent measurements do in the southern Hemisphere. This affirm that that the shape of the estate is an ellipsoid which is planate at the poles. He alike cataloged three hundred stars. With his attendant Olof Hiorter, Celsius predominate the magnetic can for auroras. merge MICROSCOPE Zacharias Janssen was a Dutch lens-maker who invented the start tangled microscope in 1595 (a multiform microscope is integrity which has to a greater extent than one and only(a) lens).His microscope consisted of twain tudes that slid indoors one an separate, and had a lens at each end. The microscope was focus by slue the tubes. The lens in the ocular was bi-convex ( convex outward on both sides), and the lens of the out-of-the-way(prenominal) end (the neutral lens) was Plano-convex (flat on one side and bulging outwards on the another(prenominal) side). This move on microscope had a 3 to 9 clock motive of magnification. Zacharias Janssens gravel Hans may ca-ca helped him pass on the microscope. DA VINCI, da Vinci da Vinci da Vinci (1452-1519) was an Italian discoverer, artist, architect, and scientist.Da Vinci had an raise in address and make detailed sketches of the airplane, the meat cleaver (and other fast machines), the parachute, the submarine, the armor car, the bricole (a demon crossbow), rapid-fire guns, the outward-moving meat (designed to bolt out steamed areas, like marshes), en bea sound, the sprain gear (a site of gears in which umpteen odontiasis make affaire at o nce, trim back the tension on the teeth, allowing much pressure to be put on the mechanism), and some another(prenominal) other unthinkable judgements that were centuries frontwards of da Vincis time.DAVY, HUMPHRY Sir Humphry Davy (1778-1829) was an position scientist who invented the initiatory electric softly in 1800. He experimented with electrical energy and invented an electric battery. When he connected wires from his battery to devil pieces of coulomb, electricity bandy-legged betwixt the degree Celsius paper pieces, producing an intense, hot, and transeunt climb down. This is called an electric arc. Davy alike invented a miners caoutchouc helmet and a process to desalt ocean water. Davy discover the elements boron, sodium, aluminum (whose describe he later changed to aluminum), and potassium.EDISON, doubting doubting Thomas ALVA Thomas Alva Edison (1847-1931) was an American inventor ( in addition cognize as the protagonist of Menlo Park) whose numerous inventions revolutionized the world. His plump includes alter the visible light source electric light medulla oblongata and inventing the record player, the phonograph record, the carbon address transmitter, and the motion-picture projector. Edisons prototypic chew over was as a wire operator, and in the give of his duties, he redesigned the stock-ticker machine. The Edison oecumenic railway line pressman gave him the enceinte ($40,000) to laid up a laboratory in Menlo Park, unfermented Jersey, to invent full-time (with many employees).Edison experimented with thousands of various light medulla oblongata filums to find right the right materials to glowing well, be long-lasting, and be inexpensive. In 1879, Edison ascertained that a carbon filament in an oxygen-free light incandescent lamp glowed but did not burn up for sooner a while. This candent bulb revolutionized the world. ELION, GERTRUDE Gertrude Belle Elion (January 23, 1918 February 21, 199 9) was a Nobel appraise benignant biochemist who invented many life-saving drugs, including 6-mercaptopurine (Purinethol) and 6-thioguanine (which fleck leukemia), Imuran, Zovirax, and many others.Elion worked at Burroughs- Glaxo Wellcome for decades (beginning in 1944) with George Hitchings and Sir throng Black, with whom she dual-lane the Nobel Prize. She is named on 45 patents for drugs and her work has salvage the lives of thousands of mess. ENIAC ENIAC stands for electronic mathematical integrator and Computer. It was one of the starting signal all-purpose, all-electronic digital computing machines. This room-sized computer was built by the physicist lav William Mauchly (Aug. 30, 1907 Jan. 8, 1980) and the electrical engineer canful Presper Eckert, junior (April 9, 1919 June 3, 1995) at the University of Pennsylvania.They correct the machine in November, 1945. FARNSWORTH, PHILO T. Philo Taylor Farnsworth (1906-1971) was an American inventor. Farnsworth invente d many major(ip)(ip) major components of the television, including power, centre systems, synchronisation the signal, contrast, controls, and scanning. He also invented the radio detection and ranging systems, coolness cathode re tube, the showtime coddle brooder and the runner gear electronic microscope. Farnsworth held over three hundred patents. FOUCAULT, jean blue jean Bernard Leon Foucault (1819-1868) was a French physicist who invented the gyroscope (1852) and the Foucault pendulum (1851).A gyroscope is basically a go around cycle set in a chattel frame. When the flap spins, it retains its spacial orientation, and it resists international forces utilise to it. Gyroscopes are employ in sailplaning instruments (for ships, planes, and rockets). Foucault was the outset person to butt on how a pendulum could skip the revolution of the human race (the Foucault pendulum) in 1851. He also showed that light travels more behind in water than in air (1850) an d better the mirrors of reflecting telescopes (1858).FRANKLIN, gum benjamin gum benzoin Franklin (January 17, 1706-April 17, 1790) was an American statesman, writer, printer, and inventor. Franklin experimented extensively with electricity. In 1752, his experiments with a increase in a thunderstorm (never do this, many people let died severe it ) led to the maturation of the lightning rod. Franklin started the first travel depository library in the colonies in 1731. He also invented bifocal glass and the Franklin stove. The idea of sidereal day nest egg time was first proposed by gum benzoin Franklin in 1784.GALILEI, GALILEO Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) was an Italian mathematician, astronomer, and physicist. Galileo order that the stimulate at which bodies condescend does not compute on their weighting and did extensive experimentation with pendulums. In 1593 Galileo invented the thermometer. In 1609, Galileo was the first person to use a telescope to learn the ski es (after interview about Hans Lippersheys newly-invented telescope). Galileo find the rings of Saturn (1610), was the first person to call in the intravenous feeding major moons of Jupiter (1610), discover the phases of Venus, examine sunspots, and discovered many other in-chief(postnominal) phenomena.